CategoriesAll
Whether providence can suitably be attributed to God?
Providence, which is the divine care and protection of God, is most suitable to God and attributed to Him because of the Divine Goodness of God which was stated earlier. For God made all things good - even creatures like the devil who have chosen to become evil (deficient) by their own free will to do wrong (accidents not attributed to God). Furthermore, the care of providence has two important distinctions; one, “the reason of order,” which is justly called providence, is eternal and divinely inspired by the will of God which springs forth from His intellect, design, Primary Cause, Universal Cause, Primary Form, and infinitude of ideas of what things should be, ought to be, could be, is, will be, and ever shall be. Second, is the execution of order which is a government that establishes an order by way of a law that is handed down to it. These are your secondary causes within the secondary forms that provide contingent effects by their execution (somebody steals something, so a judge orders restitution be paid out to the victim by the perpetrator) subordinate to the Primary Cause within the Universal Cause and form which is from God and attributed to God. Hence, Providence is attributed to God. See for yourself, although unbelievers like to point out the sufferings and horrors within the world, where mankind is partially separated from God’s presence, while denying the actions and responsibility of the free will of people who willingly choose to do what is wrong so as to harm others, they freely attribute the actions and causes of God, which is always good, to what is evil and improper. For some of their false claims is that since God may allow something, then He alone is the direct cause of this, which is a false notion. Fact is, the Lord does not interfere with the free will of His creatures, because if He did, then nobody would be worthy of punishment or reward. Within this, it also so happens that He alone ordains that everyone shall be judged in accordance with their deeds, and when this comes to pass, either a reward or punishment shall be carried out because of the Lord’s Justice. Even in this, unbelievers who deny these facts, still falsely associate suffering, hatred, evil, and the horrors of this life to God alone - even though they enjoy their freedoms and make choices everyday so as to draw closer to Him or further away, they still refuse accountability for their ways and the ways of creatures who are given the gift of freewill, so in their darkness and hatred for their Creator, they attribute all of this evil to Him, so as to distract from their own responsibilities and shortcomings. While this happens, in their blatant ignorance, they still forget that the evil and horrors they did not experience, is rightly attributed to God because of His Divine Providence, who protects them from things they do not even perceive. Take the evil spirits for example; although they are stronger and smarter than humans, the Lord puts them in check, and permits them to only exercise themselves in areas of action that He warned us not to engage in such as witchcraft, divination, idol worship, sinful conduct, magic arts, necromancy, demon worship and the like. There are consequences for their actions, and if the evil spirits could manifest themselves at will at any given time, more than likely they would not waste a second to slit all of our throats and commit unspeakable horrors against us, because that which is spiritual and condemned hates all flesh that shall be saved through faith in Him, so in their damnation and despair, they war with the human soul which is made in the likeness and image of God. While in their spiritual combat, they strive to separate the human soul from its inheritance through temptations, lies, vanity, evil influence, confusion, ignorance, hatred, unreasonable anxiety, sexual lusts, lawlessness, perversions, genital mutilation, transgenderism, war, abominations, unspeakable crimes, blasphemies, and the like. Even in this, the Lord takes what is evil and makes good come from it by way of His Divine Will which comes forth from His wisdom that is sourced from His intellect which we attribute to His Providence. Whether everything is subject to the providence of God? Providence is the order of things towards their calculated end. Furthermore, all things that exist are subjected to the Divine Providence of the Living God because He is the first agent which all agencies in existence spring forth from. Not only do things that participate in existence carry out their agency by way of His agency through His guidance, protection, laws of nature, wisdom, ideas, and Universal Cause; but while also participating in existence they also demonstrate the principles of goodness the Lord has bestowed upon them according to their likeness in as much as they partake in existence through His Divine Guidance which we also attribute to His Providence. When the creature strays from the correct path of God’s goodness by way of deficiency (sin), providence may be reduced by way of the Lord’s wisdom. Additionally, He may remove the spiritual care and protection He has bestowed on somebody so as to correct them by way of suffering. In this way, even in disobedience, living things are subjected to His Providence. Not to punish His creation cruelly as a wicked master to his slaves would, but to reprove and correct all for the order and spreading of His goodness which He strives to spread through Primary (Him) Causes and secondary (us) causes as a father would towards a child he loves through the medium of discipline. Whether God has immediate providence over everything? There are two parts of God’s Divine Providence; one, the order of things and happenings to their calculated end. Two, the execution of this order by way of government such as the law of man which is carried out through the secondary causes of the freewill, but not independent of God’s Primary Cause. So, in this, think of God’s Providence as a football field with “out of bounds” markers and two neutral zones which is the beginning (one side of the field where a team can score a touchdown) and the calculated end (the other side of the field where another team can also score a touchdown). The teams can move about freely within the boundaries of the field, according to the “rules” (second part of Providence which speaks of execution by government) of the game by way of their freewill to choose to throw the ball, run the ball, or punt the ball back to the opposing team. Furthermore, God has immediate Providence over everything in the first aspect because He alone assigns effects to His creatures and in nature while also giving them the power to produce those effects and carry them out according to their likeness by way of His just ordering of things (the first part of His Divine Providence). For a bird shall have wings and fly, and a bear shall hibernate for the winter and survive off fat reserves. In no way can humans do these things by their natural faculties. In the second respect, as Providence pertains to execution of government, by way of God’s will which springs forth from His wisdom, He assigns intermediaries to carry out execution of justice, order, goodness and the like so as to spread His Divine Goodness by way of secondary causes (free will choice of creation) along with their contingent effects. In this way, He builds us up for what we are about to receive, which is Divine Beatitude and rest in Him. For those entrusted with power are given their power not by their own hand, but from above, for the Lord gives them this power according to His will and Divine Providence. Some may say, “well this person is wicked and evil, and he should not be in charge of anyone because of his recklessness.” Maybe true; however, realize that being subjected to wicked leaders and lawlessness, while also experiencing the horrors of warfare and injustice is the consequence of unchecked sin and vice (as a whole, not always individuals alone), and by way of God’s wisdom through His Divine Providence, He knows how to guide humanity back onto the right course as to lead back to Him, which is good. For who can appreciate what they have unless they experience losing it all? For who knows how something should taste sweet, unless they never tasted what is bitter? How can you identify what is warm and hot, unless one gets burned? How can someone love the right way, unless they experience loss of those they love? In the same way, God’s Divine Providence immediately and through intermediaries is His way for our good which shall lead back to Him, even if we do not understand it clearly at the moment. Now, in no way does this mean that the wicked and evil things that are carried out by people with authority are good in any way, or should be mimicked so that a good may result. Rather, it is better not to know the ways of evil and wickedness or imitate it in any manner because the human inclination towards evil by way of the will is subjected to such a descent. On the other hand, God, who cannot be thrusted into evil, nor can He be perverted by such temptations, knows evil and wickedness fully and completely; however, it is impossible that His will may turn to evil. Not so for the created. Whether providence imposes any necessity on things foreseen? Providence is to order things to their end. Now, it just so happens that the Divine Providence of God imposes what is necessary on some things and not so much on other contingency causes. For the ultimate goal is the goodness in general and perfection of the universe so as for all things to find their calculated end and rest in Him. Some are taken to this end by necessity or how God sees fit directly, and others by the secondary free will choices of creatures to which God allows to occur through them according to His wisdom which comes forth from His will by way of design which we also happen to call Divine Providence (the correct ordering of things through God). As we see with nature, what works in unison with its elements and creatures, held together by Providence, what God allows as primary or secondary shall not reduce the other, but simply allow for so as to lead back to His intention for them. To clarify this point, migration patterns shall be a source of food for far distant animal populations as seasons rotate in different regions, and the destruction of an island due to volcanic eruption shall benefit its proportional land mass over time. Through this, the ordering of things occurs either directly or through secondary events. This is also true in people by way of choice in accordance with His wisdom, for a natural event may lead a fallen away believer back to Him (necessity/directly), or another person may do this as well by their free will choice to evangelize (contingent/secondary).
I am blessed to be a Third Order Lay Dominican. However, the ideas expressed in this post are my own and do not represent the endorsement of or position of the Order of Preachers as a whole.
Commentary regarding Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae derived from: ST part (I), Q. 1-26 from newadvent.org with permission. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
0 Comments
|
mr. scott lowry, op
|
RSS Feed