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Whether there is justice in God?
Justice comes forth from a law which is given. But God is a law unto Himself, because there is no higher power which shall hand a law down to Him, for He alone is justice for what is just and right pre-exists in Him as the source of what we know as justice. Furthermore, God apportions to each their own what is justly due by way of His wisdom. For a bear shall have claws, a fish shall have gills, and a human shall have hair; their due. This is called distributive justice. Even more so, God, who is justice, guides mankind throughout the ages so as to show him what is right or wrong so they can become aware of sin and how to avoid it, as we see with the Law of Torah which was fulfilled in Lord Jesus Christ and how its precepts influence modern society with the concept of marriage, divorce, property ownership, deeds to homes and lands, bankruptcy, weights and measures and the like. So, by His guidance, He influences the metrics of justice in human affairs - in some societies greater and in other societies lesser depending on how close to the hearts of men He is by way of their freewill to choose the good or bad. The concept of giving and receiving for the purposes of exchange such as mutual benefit or trade and the like is known as commutative justice and this is not attributed to God, but man; for the Lord gives freely and expects nothing in return. Whether the justice of God is truth? Where the mind (the intellect) and the knowledge of things (as they are actual) intersect at equilibrium, the mind identifies the truth as it can recognize it. As the mind is the measure of what is false or true based on the knowledge it understands, so is the work of the carpenter said to be true when his actions and work are suitable to his trade. In the same way, a punishment is said to be suitable for the crime when it comes forth from the law which administers justice. Furthermore, the justice of God comes forth from His wisdom, which is THE law of justice, which is true. Thus, the justice of God is truth. Whether mercy can be attributed to God? Indeed, mercy is attributed to God. For the effect of mercy is to feel the misery and despair of another like oneself. In this, measures are taken to relieve the suffering of the person by way of forgiveness and remission, and in this way, the act of mercy becomes a gift to the other. Mercy does not take away from justice, rather, it is the fulfillment of justice, just as Lord Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of the law, and as God alone is the fulfillment of all causes both primary and secondary - delivering all creatures to their calculated end as the First and Last Cause. So it is for mercy, as the Holy Apostle James says, “...mercy triumphs over judgment.” Whether in every work of God there is mercy and justice? The works God carries out according to His wisdom, ideas, design, and will can be attributed to justice and mercy more forcefully in some, and less than others. For justice may be worked more into someone whose deeds merit such justice, while mercy may be given more to in a person because of the intentions or circumstances leading up to the deeds which were carried out, even though warranting justice in a specific degree, but also requiring a level of mercy appropriate to the correct ordering of things either by design, grace, primary/secondary cause, and by way the wisdom of The One who distributes such effects according to design. Furthermore, it can be said that the gentiles, who did not know His ways by blood or direct familial connection, received the gifts and graces of God by way of His mercy, and for the Jews who received conversion and grace from God by way of His justice because of the promises to their righteous Fathers such as Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the Patriarchs, and King David. So, in this way, justice and mercy isn’t completely attributed to what someone has done or shall do, but solely upon the decision of God, who may allow for a secondary cause (such as someone’s free will choice to choose a path to Him) or His direct action alone according to what He shall carry out by way of instrument or person or cause He prefers. In no way is God bound by any human rule, decision, or created will, in that simply we dilute His power down to a mechanical function where something is typed or punched in and a response is given. Additionally, justice and mercy is even seen distributed to the just in the world who suffer afflictions so as to cleanse their lesser faults, and in this way, as the Divine Physician prescribes the medicine of suffering, we are drawn closer back to God, and not the allurements of pleasure and idols of the world that make us forget God, who is forever.
I am blessed to be a Third Order Lay Dominican. However, the ideas expressed in this post are my own and do not represent the endorsement of or position of the Order of Preachers as a whole.
Commentary regarding Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae derived from: ST part (I), Q. 1-26 from newadvent.org with permission. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
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mr. scott lowry, op
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